Heartbeat (AlexDz) Mac OS
This is an outline of the basic process and principles to follow when writing unit tests. This document will evolve quite a bit as the community gains experience.
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- 1Mechanics
- 2Style
Mechanics[edit]
Check out the Tools and Tips page[edit]
Testing and Development Tools and Tips has information on tools that may make navigating and building the code a bit easier.
Create a new test file in the same directory as the code under test using this template:
Add Makefile Targets[edit]
The following instructions use the Makefile targets for ssl/heartbeat_test.c as an example.
In the Makefile for the library containing the test, add the test source file to the TEST variable:
In test/Makefile:
- add a variable for the test target near the top of the file, right after the existing test variables
- use the variable to add an executable target to the
EXEvariable - use the variable to add an object file target to the
OBJvariable - use the variable to add a source file target to the
SRCvariable - add the test target to the
allteststarget - add the target to execute the test
- add the target to build the test executable
Run make links && make depend[edit]
Finally, run make links && make depend to link the new test into the test/ directory and automatically generate the header file dependencies.
Building and Running the Test[edit]
If you're initially developing on Mac OS X or (for now) FreeBSD 10, just use the stock method of building and testing:
Ultimately the test will have to compile and pass with developer flags enabled:
The above currently doesn't work on Mac OS X or FreeBSD > 9.1. The {,darwin64-}debug-test-64-clang Configure targets commit, which should go in soon as part of pull request #145, should solve the issues. Other commits from #145 contain other OS X-specific fixes.
Keep your repo up-to-date[edit]
Periodically run the following to keep your branch up-to-date:
This will pull all the updates from the master OpenSSL repository into your repository, then update your branch to apply your changes on top of the latest updates.
Send a pull request[edit]
When your test is ready, send a GitHub pull request. We'll review the code, and when it's ready, it'll get merged into the repository.
Style[edit]
The Pseudo-xUnit Pattern pattern organizes code in a fashion reminiscent of the xUnit family of unit testing frameworks, without actually using a testing framework. This should lower the barrier to entry for people wanting to write unit tests, but enable a relatively easy migration to an xUnit-based framework if we decide to do so one day.
Some of the basic principles to follow are:
#include the header for the code under test first[edit]
Having the header file for the code under test appear as the first #include directive ensures that that file is self-contained, i.e. it includes every header file it depends on, rather than relying on client code to include its dependencies.
#include 'testutil.h' should come second[edit]
test/testutil.h contains the helper macros used in writing OpenSSL tests. Since the tests will be linked into test/ by the make links step, and built in the test/ directory, the 'testutil.h' file will appear to be in the same directory as the test file.
Define a fixture structure[edit]
The fixture structure should contain all of the inputs to the code under test and all of the expected result values. It should also contain a const char* for the name of the test case function that created it, to aid in error message formatting. Even though the fixture may contain dynamically-allocated members, the fixture itself should be copied by value to reduce the necessary degree of memory management in a small unit test program.
Define set_up() and tear_down() functions for the fixture[edit]
set_up() should return a newly-initialized test fixture structure. It should take the name of the test case as an argument (i.e. __func__) and assign it to the fixture. All of the fixture members should be initialized, which each test case function can then override as needed.
tear_down() should take the fixture as an argument and release any resources allocated by set_up(). It can also call any library-wide error printing routines (e.g. ERR_print_errors_fp(stderr)).
Use SETUP_TEST_FIXTURE() and EXECUTE_TEST() from test/testutil.h[edit]
Each test case function should call set_up() as its first statement, and should call tear_down() just before returning. This is handled in a uniform fashion when using the SETUP_TEST_FIXTURE() and EXECUTE_TEST() helper macros from test/testutil.h. See the comments in test/testutil.h for usage.
Use test case functions, not a table of fixtures[edit]
Heartbeat (alexdz) Mac Os Catalina
Individual test case functions that call a common execution function are much more readable and maintainable than a loop over a table of fixture structures. Explicit fixture variable assignments aid comprehension when reading a specific test case, which saves time and energy when trying to understand a test or diagnose a failure. When a new member is added to an existing fixture, set_up() can set a default for all test cases, and only the test cases that rely on that new member need to be updated.
Use very descriptive test case names[edit]
Give tests long, descriptive names that provide ample context for the details of the test case. Good test names are also help produce good error messages.
Group test cases into 'suites' by naming convention[edit]
Give logically-related test functions the same prefix. If need be, you can define suite-specific set_up() functions that call the common set_up() and elaborate on it. (This generally shouldn't be necessary for tear_down().)
Keep individual test case functions focused on one thing[edit]
If the test name contains the word 'and', consider breaking it into two or more separate test case functions.
Write very descriptive error messages[edit]
Include the test case function name in each error message, and explain in detail the context for the assertion that failed. Include the expected result (contained in the fixture structure) and the actual result returned from the code under test. Write helper methods for complex values as needed.
Return zero on success and one on failure[edit]
The return value will be used to tally the number of test cases that failed. Even if multiple assertions fail for a single test case, the result should be exactly one.
Register each test case using ADD_TEST() and execute using run_tests()[edit]
Whatever function is used as the test runner, be that main() or a separate function called by main(), add your test case functions to that function using ADD_TEST() and execute them using run_tests().
run_tests() will add up the total number of failed test cases and report that number as the last error message of the test. The return value of run_tests() should be the value returned from main(), which will be EXIT_FAILURE if any test cases failed, EXIT_SUCCESS otherwise.
Disable for Windows (for now)[edit]
Until we solve the private-symbol problem on Windows, we will need to wrap our unit test code in the following #ifdef block: